Kitco daily macro

Dec 04, 2023

(Kitco News) - (Your update and "one-stop shopping" on all the latest news that's important for the marketplace and may directly impact markets.)

Saudi Arabia to Cut Oil Supply; Markets Rise but Long-Term Impact Murky

China's war hawks make it difficult for U.S. to improve relations with Beijing/Xi

In Today's Digital Newspaper

Oil prices rose, with WTI crude near $73 a barrel and Brent crude around $77 a barrel after Saudi Arabia pledged to reduce output by another 1 million barrels per day from July. That would bring the country's production level to around 9 million barrels per day next month, the lowest in years. The arrangement that emerged yesterday was a Riyadh-led compromise, which Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, the Saudi oil minister, called "a Saudi lollipop" that is meant to sweeten prices for oil traders. Though the cut is meant only for July, it could be extended. The United Arab Emirates saw its production quota grow, after years of lobbying for such a move, while other countries had their targets reduced. The group of countries accounts for about 40% of the world's crude.

The long-term impact of the move isn't clear. Goldman Sachs analysts say it could boost the price of Brent by $1 to $6 per barrel. But such a rise is unlikely to hurt consumers or turn gasoline costs into a potent political threat in the U.S., where prices at the pump are down 25% over the past year.

Wall Street is backing off bets that the Fed will make large interest-rate cuts this year. The market has seen a boost this year due to earlier expectations of interest rate decreases by the end of 2023. However, the stronger-than-expected economy led to a shift in investor sentiment. Now, derivatives markets indicate a predicted Fed rate of 5% by year-end, an increase from the previously anticipated 4%. Despite the disappearance of bets on rate cuts causing short-term Treasury yields to rise, other markets have remained unaffected. The combination of stock market gains stemming from both expectations of rate cuts and indications of a strong economy has made it difficult for investors to accurately forecast the market's future trajectory. Reasons are being cited for why the farm bill is behind schedule to get it done this year. More in Policy section.

Big banks will reportedly be required to boost capital. Regulators are close to adopting new rules that could raise the limit by about 20 percent in a bid to bolster the banking system after several midsize lenders failed this year, the Wall Street Journal reported. The biggest increases are expected to focus on large lenders with substantial trading businesses.

Ukraine is preparing for an anticipated offensive against Russian forces who have constructed an elaborate defense system consisting of anti-tank trenches, concrete barriers, and advanced minefields in southern Ukraine. This network of obstacles may inhibit or slow down Ukrainian attackers. Recently, Russia claimed to have repelled the largest Ukrainian assault in months in eastern Ukraine, as Kyiv attempted to regain initiative in the ongoing 15-month conflict. The Russian defense ministry reported that the attacks coming from six mechanized and two tank battalions were unsuccessful. The Ukrainian ministry of defense has not provided comment on the matter.

We have several updates on the Russia/Ukraine grain export situation in the Russia & Ukraine section.

A defense forum in Singapore kicked off with a friendly handshake between Pentagon chief Lloyd Austin and Chinese Defense Minister Li Shangfu, but ended Sunday with few little hope the countries could avoid an eventual collision. Austin chided China over its refusal to meet unless the U.S. lifted sanctions on Li, while Li accused the U.S. of creating divisive alliances and seeking to contain China with its support for Taiwan. Other countries at the event repeatedly spoke of the dangers posed by rising U.S./China tensions and the need to prevent anything like Russia's war in Ukraine from occurring in Asia. More in China section. U.S./China tension over Taiwan escalated over the weekend, as Chinese and American warships got too close for comfort in the Taiwan Strait. The U.S. military released a video of the incident. American officials said the Chinese vessel performed an unsafe maneuver, effectively cutting off the U.S. ship and forcing it to slow down. Chinese officials defended the ship's actions. China claims Taiwan as part of its territory even as the island self governs. Some say the new market "shoe to fall" is the commercial real estate sector. See the Markets section for why some are saying that.

Western countries are concerned that China and Russia may exploit the escalating geopolitical tensions in the Arctic to gain influence over the region and its valuable resources.

A mystery trader made a suspiciously timed investment ahead of a surprise debt-ceiling-deal concession. See Markets section for more. A new wave of job actions, including walkouts and slowdowns, is causing uncertainty for imports at U.S. West Coast ports from Southern California to Seattle. The rise of robot farmers across America's fields marks a significant transition in agriculture technology and practices. USA Today newspaper takes a look at this topic.

The Spanish agricultural sector is facing a clash over water use that may impact one of its most recognizable exports, strawberries. Details in Trade Policy section.

The Energy & Climate section includes items on:

Eggs are going on sale just months after their prices hit records. Details in Food section. Hormel Foods has invested significantly in transitioning their pig farms to comply with California's Proposition 12 standards. More in Livestock section. Germany's pork consumption per capita has plunged in past years; hog producers and meat processors are withdrawing amid hurdles. In the Politics & Elections section:

Sonic boom from fighter jets rocks DC. More below.

MARKET FOCUS

Equities today: Asian and European stock markets were mixed overnight. U.S. stock indexes are pointed toward mixed openings. In Asia, Japan +2.2%. Hong Kong +0.8%. China +0.1%. India +0.4%. In Europe, at midday, London +0.5%. Paris -0.1%. Frankfurt flat. U.S. equities Friday: All three major indices registered gains on Friday, with weekly advances for the Dow and Nasdaq of 2% and 1.8% for the S&P 500. This also marked the sixth winning week for the tech-heavy Nasdaq. The Dow gained 701.19 points, 2.12%, at 33,762.76. The Nasdaq rose 139.78 points, .107%, at 13,240.77. The S&P 500 was up 61.35 points, 1.45%, at 4,282.37. CME Fed funds futures ended the week with probabilities at about 72% for a steady rate decision at the June 14 FOMC meeting conclusion, with 28% probabilities for a 1/4-point increase.Market quotes of note:

On tap today: • European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde appears before a European Parliament committee at 9 a.m. ET. • S&P Global's purchasing managers index for the U.S. services sector is expected to hold at 51.1 in May, unchanged from a preliminary reading. (9:45 a.m. ET) • Institute for Supply Management's services index is expected to rise to 52.3 in May from 51.9 one month earlier. (10 a.m. ET) • U.S. factory orders for April are expected to rise 0.6% from the prior month. (10 a.m. ET) • USDA Weekly Grain Export Inspections report, 11 a.m. ET. • USDA Crop Progress report, 4 p.m. ET. • Note: The House is in session today, the Senate returns tomorrow. President Joe Biden will host British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak at the White House on Thursday. On Friday, Biden heads to the newly renamed Fort Liberty (it was Fort Bragg) in North Carolina. Producer price inflation in the Eurozone declined to 1.0% year-on-year in April 2023, following a downward revision from the previous month's 5.5% and missing market expectations of 1.4%. The rate of inflation has been easing for eight consecutive months and reached its lowest level since January 2021, primarily driven by a significant drop in energy prices (-8.9% vs 0.0% in March). Excluding energy, producer price inflation slowed to 5.1% year-on-year in April from 8.0% in March. On a monthly basis, producer prices tumbled 3.2% in April, the largest decline on record. A variety of central bank meetings and economic data releases are scheduled for the coming days. The Bank of Canada (Wednesday), Reserve Bank of Australia (Tuesday), and Reserve Bank of India (Thursday) are not anticipated to raise rates in their respective policy meetings. The European Central Bank will be paying close attention to Germany's struggling industrial sector (Wednesday) as it holds its meeting the following week, with limited rebounds expected for manufacturing orders and industrial production. In more global news, China is likely to report another significant merchandise trade surplus (Tuesday), while its CPI and PPI data (Friday) is expected to remain relatively stable. Lastly, both Canada and Australia will release key economic data following their central bank meetings, with Canada publishing its labor force survey and Australia announcing GDP figures. Some U.S. banks are considering the sale of performing property loans, even with borrowers current on repayments, to reduce exposure to the unstable commercial real estate market, the Financial Times report, noting this move is a response to warnings that the asset class may be the "next shoe to drop" after recent turbulence in the U.S. regional banking industry. HSBC USA is in the process of selling hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of commercial real estate loans, potentially at a discount, to stop direct lending to U.S. property developers, the FT writes. PacWest recently sold $2.6 billion of construction loans at a loss, and others are modifying the way they account for commercial real estate debt to ease future sales. This shift toward offloading performing loans is an indicator of banks' concerns about potential increases in delinquencies. The lasting popularity of remote work is contributing to a decline in demand for office properties, and a waning appetite for commercial mortgage-backed securities has left banks with more property debt than desired. Although this practice is not as common as during the 2008 crisis, it is anticipated that the volume of selling such loans will rise in the coming years. Banks are aiming to maintain a clean loan book, avoiding raising regulatory or investor concerns. Bank executives and regulators are voicing their concerns over the health of the commercial real estate sector. Wells Fargo CEO Charlie Scharf predicts losses in the area, and Martin Gruenberg, chair of the US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, warns of challenges for real estate loans, particularly those backed by offices, if demand stays weak and values continue to drop. The FDIC will closely supervise these matters. Upshot: Of around 4,500 regional banks, 20% to 25% of portfolios in commercial real estate (CRE). And a lot of it is underwater. Reasons for CRE crash: Higher interest rates, bad managers and a changed world as workers do not want to return to offices, especially in big cities. Real estate never goes to zero. It's a hard asset, so ownership changes and that lies ahead. New and better managers come in with distressed funds of which there's billions being raised now. So much money on the sidelines waiting that it's going to be a lot softer impact than many think. Investor and analyst Kevin O’Leary says that over the next five years, "we'll go from 4,500 smaller regional banks to 800 Super Regionals that will be well financed." Western countries are concerned that China and Russia may exploit the escalating geopolitical tensions in the Arctic to gain influence over the region and its valuable resources. They fear the end of Arctic exceptionalism, where the polar region was historically unaffected by global tensions. Senior western policymakers have voiced these concerns in interviews with the Financial Times. The western members of the Arctic Council halted cooperation with Russia on various environmental and indigenous matters following its invasion of Ukraine. Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre emphasizes that business as usual cannot continue. Finnish Foreign Minister Pekka Haavisto is worried that the resulting gridlock might lead to a deregulated Arctic, open for exploitation. A senior policymaker from an Arctic state fears that Russia and China could create their own alternative Arctic Council. Already, Russia has warned it might leave the Arctic Council if it is not allowed to participate while under Norway's presidency. China and Russia, whose relationship has been historically tense, have begun cooperating more closely, evidenced by their joint working body for developing the Northern Sea Route. The Arctic, with its abundance of resources like oil, gas, and rare earths, has gained the interest of various countries as it experiences rapid warming. The Arctic Council has tried to keep geopolitics out of the region; however, Russia's increasing military presence and China's growing influence have altered the situation. Attempts by China to build infrastructure in Greenland were halted by Danish intervention, following U.S. recommendations. Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen warns against naivety regarding the Arctic and calls for increased awareness of China's role in the region. Norway is trying to work with other Arctic Council members while excluding Russia, but diplomats admit that Russia's exclusion presents a dilemma, as the Arctic's management is difficult without Russia's involvement.

Market perspectives: • Outside markets: The U.S. dollar index was firmer amid weakness in the euro and British pound against the greenback. The yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note was higher, trading around 3.73%, with a higher tone in global government bond yields. Crude oil futures have continued to rise, with U.S. crude around $73.65 per barrel and Brent around $78 per barrel. Gold and silver futures were under pressure, with gold around $1,954 per troy ounce and silver around $23.38 per troy ounce. • The market is bracing for a glut of Treasuries. Now that President Biden has signed the debt ceiling deal into law, the Treasury is expected to begin selling more than $1 trillion in new securities. Some warn the auctions could jack up short-term borrowing costs and drain liquidity from parts of the market, with Bank of America predicting that the effect would be equivalent to a 0.25% interest rate increase by the Fed. • Saudi Arabia announced on Sunday that it will cut 1 million barrels of oil per day in July as part of a deal between OPEC and its Russia-led allies. The decision came after one of the most contentious production meetings in recent years, with growing concerns over a slowing global economy and energy demand. The cut is in addition to previously announced curbs, which will be extended until the end of 2024. The United Arab Emirates and other large producers also extended their previously announced cuts. Saudi Arabia's decision to voluntarily cut output helped the group come to an agreement and keep their existing production targets until the end of the year. The only real change for next year will come from the United Arab Emirates, which will be able to raise production by 200,000 barrels a day.

Despite potentially boosting oil prices in the short term, analysts expect prices to continue trending lower. U.S. gasoline prices are down more than 25% from a year ago, and Brent crude is down about 20% since OPEC+ first slashed output in October. While Saudi Arabia has been actively propelling efforts to bolster energy prices, Russia has been pumping huge volumes of cheaper crude into the market, undermining these efforts. The Saudi oil minister's efforts to prop up prices could reflect an underestimation of concerns over a slowing global economy. • A mystery trader made a suspiciously timed investment ahead of a surprise debt-ceiling-deal concession. There was no public reason to believe that the approval of the Mountain Valley Pipeline — a pet project of Sen. Joe Manchin — would be included. But a trader bought 100,000 call options on the pipeline's owner days before it was announced. • Asset managers joined hedge funds in increasing yen-bearish positions amid speculation the Bank of Japan isn't likely to rush to adjust its ultra-easy monetary policy. A week after leveraged funds increased net shorts on the yen to the most in almost a year, asset managers boosted such positions to the biggest so far for 2023 in the five days through May 30.

• A new wave of job actions, including walkouts and slowdowns, is causing uncertainty for imports at U.S. West Coast ports from Southern California to Seattle. This follows more than a year of contract negotiations between dockworkers and port employers, and seems to reveal deep divisions between the parties. As talks now focus on wages, expectations for a resolution have been dampened. A longshore union local has pointed out that while container shipping lines made billions of dollars in profits during the Covid-19 pandemic, 43 dockworkers died. Negotiators will attempt to bridge this gap this week while terminal operators and importers prepare for possible further disruptions. • Commodity prices are in retreat, signaling a slowdown in the world economy but lending central banks a hand in their fight against inflation. The S&P GSCI commodities index has fallen about 11% so far this year through Friday, as prices for energy, metals, grains and other raw materials have retreated. Crude oil is close to its lowest levels since just before Russia's invasion of Ukraine — even after Saudi Arabia's weekend decision to cut output boosted prices early Monday. Wheat hasn't been this cheap since 2020 and natural gas has taken a tumble in Europe. Almost every commodity besides weather-affected sugar, cocoa and coffee has pulled back. Niche materials such as glass have fallen. Copper, a bellwether for the global economy because of its use in everything from buildings to cars, has slipped 1.3% this year.

RUSSIA/UKRAINE

— Russia said it had thwarted a "large-scale" Ukrainian offensive and killed 250 Ukrainian troops. According to Russia's defense ministry, the attacks originated from five different points along the frontline in Donetsk, an eastern region. The claims have not been verified and the Ukrainian government has not commented. For months, Ukraine has been preparing for a counter-offensive. Over the weekend the army again asked citizens to not speculate about its plans. — Russia: Black Sea grain inspections resume but ‘no prospects’ for another renewal. Russian news agencies reported that the country's Foreign Ministry sees no prospects for extending the Black Sea Grain Initiative beyond its mid-July expiration. Russia desires the reopening of an ammonia pipeline to the port of Pivdennyi and for Rosselkhozbank to regain access to the SWIFT payment system. Ukraine is willing to consider reopening the pipeline, but wants the number of ports involved in the grain deal to be expanded. Western countries, however, remain opposed to granting SWIFT access for the Russian agricultural bank. This news aligns with Russia's previous statements as the deal approached renewal deadlines in March and May. The next meetings are scheduled for June 9. — As the import ban on Ukraine's grain shipments is extended until mid-September, tensions may rise between Kyiv and its European neighbors. In late April, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria introduced EU restrictions on Ukrainian grain imports instead of unilateral bans, reasoning that the influx was damaging local farmers. Grain shipments from Ukraine, which is a key global supplier, have faced disruptions due to Russia's invasion. Despite a U.N. and Turkey-brokered safe maritime corridor established for Ukrainian crop exports, shipments continue to be frequently disrupted. Ukraine is calling on the EU to end the import ban, with Agriculture Minister Mykola Solskyi choosing to reserve his comments until an official decision is announced.

POLICY UPDATE

— WSJ : U.S. may impose higher capital requirements on big banks. Large banks in the U.S. may face a 20% increase in capital requirements after a string of collapse of smaller regional lenders this year, the Wall Street Journal reported. Those with large trading businesses would take the biggest hit. The revised requirements may be proposed as early as June. Bottom line: Overall capital requirements could be raised by about 20% at institutions with at least $100 billion in assets, compared to the current $250 billion threshold that regulators currently reserve for their toughest rules. Credit card giants that are heavily dependent on fee income could also be impacted, as well as those involved in investment banking and wealth management.

CHINA UPDATE

— The Shangri-La Dialogue, a defense forum held in Singapore, recently ended with little sign of reconciliation between the U.S. and China. U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin criticized China for refusing to engage in substantive dialogue unless the US lifted sanctions on Chinese Defense Minister Li Shangfu. This coincided with a Chinese vessel harassing an American warship in the Taiwan Strait, highlighting the escalating tensions between the two superpowers. Li retorted by accusing an unnamed "big power" of creating divisive alliances, bullying other nations, instigating an arms race, and attempting to contain China through its support for Taiwan. He stated China's military "will not hesitate for a second" to act on Taiwan if necessary, dismissing concerns about near-collisions in disputed waters. Several countries expressed concerns about the rising U.S./China tensions and stressed the importance of preventing a conflict akin to Russia's war in Ukraine in Asia. Despite the tension, there are signs of increased communication between the U.S. and China, with several high-profile meetings scheduled for the upcoming months. Nonetheless, the forum underlined growing divisions between China and the U.S. over the international order, and their respective views on the Ukraine crisis and the implications it holds for global defense and security. While the U.S. and its allies warned against the risk of allowing Russia to maintain territorial gains, Chinese officials blamed NATO for triggering Russia's war and criticized the U.S. for its selective application of international rules and norms. U.S. Secretary of Defense Austin, however, sought to reduce fears of a potential war, denying that the U.S. is seeking to create a NATO-like body in the Asia-Pacific region. Despite this, China's defense minister maintained that Beijing was prepared to pay any price to support its claim over Taiwan. Upshot: The risk of conflict in the Western Pacific is increasing due to China's growing assertiveness with the intention of dominating the region. Tension has mounted in recent weeks with incidents such as the close interception of a U.S. reconnaissance plane, the snubbing of a U.S. request for a meeting, and the close proximity of a Chinese ship to a U.S. missile destroyer in the Taiwan Strait. Despite the Biden administration's attempts to improve relations with Beijing, China seems unresponsive. China wants the U.S. not to impose new restrictions on investment or to remove sanctions against its defense minister. But China watchers say the country's aim is to assert its control over the Western Pacific, which requires pushing the U.S. out. The situation is delicate, with President Xi Jinping warning his national-security officials to prepare for the worst. — CIA Director William Burns made a secret visit to Beijing last month to meet his opposites. Washington is eager for nuclear arms talks with China, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan said. A top Treasury Department official met Ambassador Xie Feng on Friday. And GOP lawmakers ramped up a push for retaliation for Beijing's Micron ban.— China allocates wheat aid. China will allocate 200 million yuan ($28.11 million) to help central Henan province contend with wheat harvest losses caused by heavy rain, the finance ministry said. The funds, on top of 200 million yuan already issued by the provincial government, were granted after recent heavy rains and flooding led to severe wheat quality issues.

ENERGY & CLIMATE CHANGE

— A draft document from a United Nations group has sparked controversy over the definition of a carbon offset, raising questions about what qualifies as carbon removal. The document highlights nature-based solutions, like tree planting, and downplays the role of technological methods of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), such as machines. The carbon removal industry sees this distinction as vital to its existence. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), another U.N.-backed group, has warned that billions of tons of carbon will need to be removed from the atmosphere annually by mid-century to keep global warming within 1.5C. The market for carbon offsets, currently estimated to be around $2 billion, could grow to between $160 billion and $624 billion annually by mid-century, according to BloombergNEF. Critics argue that if the U.N. prioritizes nature-based solutions, it could exclude the growing CDR industry from the carbon offset market, potentially hindering climate efforts. The U.N. draft criticized CDR for not contributing to sustainable development and for being technologically and economically unproven. It also argued that CDR is unsuitable for implementation in developing countries and does not reduce global mitigation costs. Despite these criticisms, the document praised traditional carbon market solutions like reforestation, despite evidence of their limitations and potential negative impacts on human rights. The controversy highlights the growing tension around what constitutes a ton of carbon removed and stored, and the lack of a cheap, easy, durable, and permanent carbon-removal solution. Currently, the options are nature-based solutions, which are less expensive, or more durable removal techniques, which come at a premium. The U.N. draft appears to favor the former. Experts suggest a balanced portfolio of solutions, recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. — GM must face consumer claims over ethanol fuel use warning. A General Motors Flex Fuel car owner raised sufficient claims in his latest proposed class complaint alleging the automaker misled drivers about how much ethanol-based fuel the vehicles can use, a federal judge said Friday. Chevrolet Impala owner Michael Fleury has received permission from Judge Virginia M. Kendall to proceed with his claim against General Motors. His car's fuel pump failed after using E85 (85% ethanol) consistently, which he alleges the owner's manual did not adequately disclose. Previously, his claims were dismissed under the Illinois Consumer Fraud Act as he couldn't show he relied on false or deceptive statements on the vehicle. However, Fleury now claims to have relied on the owner's manual itself for E85 usage guidance. The court ruled that Fleury's new claim connected statement, reliance, and injury and that his common-law fraud claim was sufficiently pleaded. The court added that GM's statements about E85 use in the owner's manual established a duty to disclose the risk of fuel-pump failure related to consistent E85 use. — RFS update. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has continued to schedule more meetings to review the EPA's Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) plan. The total count of meetings has reached 37, with the most recent additions involving Veriflux on June 9 and EcoEngineers on June 13. As of now, 17 meetings are slated for this week, followed by an additional 10 during the first two days of the next week. EPA has committed to finalizing the plan by June 14, following a lawsuit brought forth by Growth Energy, who will also meet with OMB on June 9.. — EU solar farms now produce more power than coal plants. The European Union's transition to clean energy marked a milestone in May, when solar panels generated more electricity than all of the bloc's coal plants for the first time — and that's before the summer sun boosts production even further. Power prices turned negative during some of May's sunniest days as grid operators struggled to handle the surge.

— China's EV battery sector is preparing a new breakthrough. One of China's top battery-makers reckons it has cracked a technology to provide even cheaper and more powerful packs for electric vehicles. Gotion High-Tech Co. recently unveiled a lithium-iron-manganese-phosphate battery which it says will power an EV for 1,000 kilometers on each charge. Link to more via Bloomberg.

— The United States' state capitals have become increasingly polarized, with lawmakers pushing staunchly conservative or liberal agendas, according to a New York Times report. The 2022 election resulted in single-party control of the governor's office and legislature in 39 states, the most in over three decades. This has led to a widening divide on significant social issues between Republican and Democratic states. In Republican-led states, legislation often centered around restrictions on abortion, gender transitions for youths, and sexuality discussion in classrooms. Meanwhile, Democratic states focused on introducing gun control measures, setting carbon emission limits, and creating safe havens for abortion and transgender medical care. This trend towards polarization is apparent not only in long-standing single-party strongholds, such as Washington (Democratic) and North Dakota (Republican), but also in states traditionally considered political battlegrounds. Florida, for instance, under Republican Governor Ron DeSantis, passed laws restricting abortion and banning transgender medical care for minors. Similarly, Minnesota, where Democrats recently gained full control of the statehouse, saw Governor Tim Walz signing bills codifying abortion rights, legalizing recreational marijuana, and expanding voting rights for felons. Critics argue that this polarization risks alienating significant portions of the population and creating potential long-term political risks. Furthermore, some legislators believe this could result in a system that no longer works due to a lack of minority party input and representation. — Democratic Senators Jon Tester from Montana and Sherrod Brown from Ohio are in tough re-election races in 2024. They both have a history of winning tough elections, which means they have a good chance to hold onto these crucial Senate seats in increasingly Republican states. However, the political climate has been shifting since their last elections and these once traditionally Democratic states are showing more support for Republican candidates. And in the case of Tester, voters are beginning to see he suddenly gets more conservative around election time. Born and raised in their respective states, Tester and Brown have forged strong connections with their constituents by focusing on specific groups or regions. Tester has built a reputation as a rural politician, proudly representing his home state and focusing on rural America's challenges. Brown has won the trust of the blue-collar workers by concentrating on workers' rights and other labor issues.— Delfina Gómez, a former education minister of Mexico's ruling party Morena, is set to win the governorship of the country's most populous state with around 52% of votes. Her victory ends almost 100 years of dominance by the opposition Institutional Revolutionary Party in the State of Mexico, which surrounds the capital city. The victory gives Morena momentum before next year's presidential election.

OTHER ITEMS OF NOTE

— Sonic boom from fighter jets rocks DC. People around the nation's capital were shocked to hear a mysterious "boom" sound yesterday at about 3:10 pm ET. Turns out the source was F-16 fighter jets traveling at supersonic speeds to intercept a Cessna aircraft that was not responsive. That private plane crashed in Virginia about 20 minutes after the boom was heard. As of last night, authorities did not know why the pilot was unresponsive or how many people were on board.— A Utah school district banned the best-selling book of all time. The Davis School District in Utah is removing the King James Bible from its elementary and middle schools after a parent complained it was too violent and vulgar to be read by children.

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